This paper is part of a collection of papers prepared for the World Bank’s Sixth Urban Research and Knowledge Symposium, October 2012. It describes the diverse patterns that define metropolitan migration, which in the 21st century will present both a great challenge for humanity and a significant opportunity for global economic growth. It then lays out a framework for understanding the costs and benefits of new arrivals through migration’s externalities and the challenges and policy tradeoffs that confront city stakeholders. The paper concludes by suggesting ways municipalities, by optimizing flexibility, can make migration more productive and less destructive in shaping the “good city” and the “smart city.”
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